Herniated Disc: Full Description

Side View... – MRI of Herniated Disc

Cross-Section... – MRI of Herniated Disc

Side View... – Herniated Disc MRI

Between each bony vertebral body is a disc that acts as a shock absorber and a hinge. As we age, the disc becomes dehydrated, making it less supportive and more prone to injury. Even a healthy, well-hydrated disc can be injured. The disc is composed of the annulus, which is a tough tissue that makes up the outside of the disc. The nucleus pulposus is the jelly-like substance contained in the center of the disc. A herniated disc occurs when the nucleus breaks through the outer tissue. A herniated disc is very common and may or may not cause symptoms. Stretching or tearing of the annulus may result in back or neck pain. The discs are immediately in front of the spinal cord and exiting nerves, so when the herniated disc or protrusion compresses the spinal cord or nerves, leg or arm pain and numbness or weakness may occur.

Screening and Diagnosis for Herniated Disc

A physical examination is performed. A neurological examination is also performed to identify the involved nerve root. Because certain nerves consistently supply particular muscles and areas of sensation, physical examination and the patient’s specific symptoms give valuable clues to the source of the symptoms with a herniated disc. The preferred imaging test is an MRI because it is able to visualize soft tissues including the disc, spinal fluid and neural elements.

Treatments for Herniated Disc

Non-surgical treatment options for a herniated disc include bed rest, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, light physical activity such as walking and patient education. Physical therapy and/or chiropractic care may be initiated. Use of epidural steroid injections may also be considered if pain persists. Indications for surgery include failure of pain to improve with non-surgical treatment and the correlation between clinical symptoms and imaging findings. Lumbar discectomy is the most common surgical treatment for a herniated disc. It is important to discuss treatment options with your doctor in deciding which treatment, if any, may be best for you.